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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci is a strain of the genus Enterococcus resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin. Enterococci, is a species of bacteria that are present in some women digestive tract, and genital usually. Enterococci, can lead infection of the blood flow, the urinary tract. Some people carry the bacteria, but it was not affected by it. These people, "said colony". It is possible when caused enterococcal infection, are treated with an antibiotic vancomycin. Recently, based on the VRE enterococci, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and is resistant to vancomycin therapy. There are mainly responsible for Enterococcus and VRE include enterococci organisms both.
History and biology of VRE
In order to become resistant to vancomycin, usually enterococci sensitive to vancomycin, and generates a new DNA in the form of a transposon or plasmid encoding a gene conferring resistance to vancomycin. It, E. casseliflavus and Garinarumu to be distinguished from the lower level of natural resistance to vancomycin some enterococcal species, including E. thing to win the vancomycin resistance. E. faecium clinical isolates and high-level vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, has been documented in Europe in the late 1980s for the first time. Since then, VRE is associated with infection in the (hospital) worldwide occurrence of the hospital. In the United States, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is associated with a 4% of hospital-acquired infections reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network from January 2006 from October 2007. VRE may be prepared from healthy human in contact with bacteria. It is believed that carrying VRE also a significant proportion of breeding chickens intensive, although such contact, it places most likely to occur in hospitals (nosocomial infections).
Risk Factors & Transmission
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventio, people at risk for acquiring VRE include:
- People who have been treated with antibiotics or other antibiotics vancomycin for a long time
- People admitted in hospitals, particularly those who are in the hospital or if you receive treatment with antibiotics over a long period of time
- People with immune systems weakened as a transplant patient ward and ICU and cancer, such as people
- People who have undergone surgical procedures, such as heart surgery and abdominal such people
- For example the cost of medical devices remaining within a certain time or intravenous urinary catheters, such as (IV) catheters,
- Who are colonized with VRE
VRE is, you can find blood, urine, and feces. Therefore, in many cases, and is transmitted through the hands of providers passed the "bug" to other patient unconsciously and take care of VRE patient. VRE can be transferred to the patient from the patient. VRE can be able to live for a few weeks on the surface counter, bed rail, such as door handles such, to be sent by contact with the surface of these.
Treatment and clinical symptoms
Clinical symptoms of VRE depends on the site of infection. If the bacteria are located in the urine, the symptoms of urinary tract infections, low back pain, urgency, frequency, and including pain urination, it will become apparent. If the bacteria is infected with a wound area, usually, swelling, redness, and I show signs other common wound infection. VRE infection patients, you can have other signs of infection high temperature, fever, and diarrhea. Identified by clinical examination once, VRE may be treated antibiotics, ampicillin or penicillin G is preferred. However, new drugs such as tigecycline, linezolid, or Dapto such, if resistant VRE strains to ampicillin or penicillin G may be necessary. The infectious disease specialist, should be consulted to determine the best care plan for patients with VRE. In other patients, or VRE infection patient is placed on the site of a private with a VRE. The health service needs to take extra precautions to prevent the spread of bacteria to other inpatient
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