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Antiviral agents, anti-viral resistant virus which means that it has been modified to be less effective in the treatment or prevention of disease. Oseltamivir amantadine, rimantadine, zanamivir and: In the United States, anti-viral drugs of four, has received FDA approval for use against influenza. (Amantadine and rimantadine) drug between adamantane have been approved for both of antiviral drugs to guidelines of the problem of influenza B. CDC for health care workers and influenza A is (oseltamivir and zanamivir) neuraminidase inhibitors, influenza I am using the influenza season of any have been approved for.
Because it mutated monotherapy immediately, HIV is an excellent example of MDR to anti-viral drugs. , Also, it is possible to become resistant to immunoincompetent cytomegalovirus in people with more generic: neuraminidase, such as (2008-2009 98.5% of influenza test resistance) oseltamivir and such amantadenes, first inhibitors; in immunosuppressed patients, especially to be MDR, influenza virus, foscarnet and ganciclovir treatment. In normal immunosuppressed patients primarily, famciclovir, and acyclovir-resistant HSV rare formulation in the form of cross-resistance to valacyclovir.
Resistance Mechanism and its Detection
Ability to change constantly, which is a feature of the influenza virus. In many cases, influenza virus, you can if you change from one season to the next, to change the influenza season. Replication (ie, to create a copy of itself) as, genetic composition, influenza virus viruses resistant to one or more of the antiviral drug used in the treatment or prevention of influenza can be varied in such a way as to bring. It is possible that resistance of influenza virus of anti-viral drugs may occur spontaneously, they appear in the anti-virus during exposure or antiviral therapy. For changes in the influenza virus, CDC collects the virus through a global surveillance system domestic and on a regular basis. Sample harvesting the virus is examined to determine whether it is resistant to any of the influenza virus drugs that are FDA approved four them from U.S. and around the world. CDC to undertake the study of influenza virus and ongoing monitoring to monitor the anti-viral resistance to cooperate World Health Organization and state public health agencies and (WHO). Information collected may be used to perform the public health policy recommendations in the information about the use of influenza virus drugs. Through the methods in the laboratory improved quickly continuously, the number of monitoring sites country in the world, CDC is antiviral resistance by increasing the increasing number of laboratories that can test the resistance to improve the ability to detect resistance to monitor. Efforts increased to monitoring enabled the CDC to monitor a tendency to change over time, and faster CDC is provided, the ability to detect the resistant bacteria. Effort was increased to monitor, which enables CDC and ability to detect the resistant strains, in order to monitor the trend of overtime changes provide the CDC, and faster. Virus protection information is useful to make recommendations of antiviral drugs that can be used for the treatment or prevention of influenza.
Increased awareness of anti-viral resistance over the past decade is parallel to the development of new antiviral agents. In immunocompromised individuals, clinical significance, resistant virus isolates these, development and transfer of such mutants have been reported in individuals immunized mostly similar. As used increasingly by the physician, the antiviral agent, thereby increasing the incidence of such cases. Issues related to the future and use anti-virus development of the importance of the impact mechanism of viral resistance, clinical symptoms, and sustainability, are described in this article. The virus to be discussed, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovinis, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus is included.
It, HIV is developing a resistance when to avoid the effects of these treatments. Currently, stop the operation, the immune system of infected patients has been damaged to the point of AIDS drugs almost all that is used in the treatment of HIV in the end. In a recent study, it indicates it was 76.3% the proportion of HIV-positive population in the United States in some form of drug resistance. Some of the unique characteristics of the HIV, and to facilitate a wide range of resistances, the most important, is the mutation rate of its very high. As a retrovirus, HIV uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from RNA genome own, HIV can replicate his genome.As their genomic mutation rate and best known of the "life" of any mechanism for while playing the results and correct mistakes organisms that do not have. This genetic variation creates the ideal situation for such a raw material for natural selection, selection of a natural to act on the basis of population HIV. Lead to significant genetic variation in the population of HIV, as well as to accumulate population generation and more, these mutations increase the likelihood of developing the selective advantage of virion evolved over the virion other. Then, as a select virions with high fitness such, natural selection acts on all of the HIV so that other was killed by drug therapy eventually. Virions can get away from the harmful effects of creating an entirely new drug-resistant population then. Patients with a population of large virus as you did before treatment originally, while reducing the number of these, the virion, they were reproduced. Virus to develop resistance to restore the population of virus particles, to create a successful cycle of the first experience of a patient in the treatment, as a reduction in the level of their viruses, after which the efficacy of the treatment I have experienced a decline.
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